Students of ICSE Class 10 should refer to Minerals ICSE Class 10 Geography Questions below which have come in past board exams. You should always go through questions that have come in previous years. This will help you to understand the pattern of questions in ICSE Class 10 Geography and prepare accordingly. This will help you to get better marks in ICSE Class 10 Board Exams
ICSE Class 10 Geography Minerals Important Questions
Students should learn the important questions and answers given below for Chapter Minerals in Geography for ICSE Class 10. These board questions are expected to come in the upcoming exams. Students of ICSE Class 10th should go through the Important questions and answers ICSE Class 10 Geography which will help them to get more marks in exams.
Board Exam Questions Minerals ICSE Class 10 Geography
Minerals ICSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions
Question. Define the term ‘mineral’.
Ans. Commercially, a mineral may be defined as a substance obtained from the earth’s crust which can be used for industrial and economic purposes.
Question. What role do minerals play in the economic development of a country?
Ans. Modern machines are made up of steel which is in turn processed from iron ore. The energy required in running industries and transport comes from coal or petroleum. Minerals are therefore, the basis of industrialisation. Industrialisation results in the economic development of the country. In other words, minerals play a key role in the economic development of a country by effecting industrialisation.
Question. State the need for conserving minerals.
Ans. Minerals obtained from the earth’s crust are exhaustible. Therefore mankind cannot afford the relentless extraction of minerals. Therefore there is a need to use them in the most economic manner.
This can be achieved by
a. Efficiency in mining technology
b. Government control over a country’s mineral resources
c. Re use and recycling of minerals
4. What do you mean by the term ‘ore’?
An ore is a substance from which metals can be extracted in a profitable manner.
Question. Name two important ores of iron.
Ans. Haematite and Magnetite
Question. Appreciate the use and importance of iron.
Ans. Iron is alloyed with manganese to produce steel. Steel is in turn used for making machines, buildings, vehicles, farming and mining equipment, etc, which results in industrial development.
Question. Name the iron ore which is most abundant in India.
Ans. Haematite
Question. What is the status of India with regard to the extraction of iron ore?
Ans. India is the fourth largest producer of iron ore in the world. It is estimated that 20% of the world’s iron ore reserves are in India. India also exports large quantities of iron ore.
Question. Which state produces the largest amount of iron ore in India? Name two important places in this state where iron ore is found.
Ans. Orissa produces the largest amount of iron ore in India. Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj are the two important places in Orissa where iron ore is found.
Question. Which place has the largest deposit of iron ore in India? In which state is it located? Name one more place from this state which produces iron ore.
Ans. Chirla in Singhbhum district, Jharkhand has the largest deposit of iron ore in India. Iron ore is also found in Palamau in Jharkhand.
Question. Name two places each in the following states where iron ore is extracted.
a. Chhattisgarh
b. Karnataka
Ans. a. Chhatisgarh – Durg and Bastar Districts
b. Karnataka – Kundremukh, Bellary, Shimoga and Bababudan Hills
Question. Name two ports in India from where iron ore is exported. Which country is the largest buyer of Indian iron ore?
Ans. Iron ore is exported from the Vishakhapatnam and Paradeep ports. Japan is the largest buyer of Indian iron ore.
Question. Name two ores of manganese.
Ans. Pyrolusite and Psilomelane
Question. What is the principal use of manganese? List two other uses to which manganese can be put to.
Ans. Manganese is alloyed along with iron to produce steel because it makes the steel tough and does not rust easily. It can also be used for making paints and glass.
Question. What is India’s position with regard to the production of manganese?
Ans. India stands seventh in the world production of manganese. It is self sufficient and also exports some
quantities of manganese.
Question. Which state produces the largest amount of manganese in India? Name two places in this state where there are extensive deposits of manganese.
Ans. Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of manganese in India. There are extensive deposits of manganese in the Chhhindwara and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh.
Question. Name two places each in the following states where there are deposits of manganese.
a. Orissa
b. Maharashtra
c. Karnataka
Ans. a. Orissa – Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj
b. Maharashtra – Nagpur and Bhandara
c. Karnataka – Shimoga and Bellary
Question. What is bauxite? What is India’s position with regard to the production of bauxite?
Ans. Bauxite, or hydrated aluminium oxide, is the principal ore of aluminium. India is the second largest exporter of bauxite in the world.
Question. Which properties of aluminium make it such an important metal?
Ans. The following properties of aluminium make it an important metal.
a. It is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
b. It is non-corrosive.
c. It is light weight.
d. It is strong and durable.
e. It has a high melting point.
f. It is highly malleable and ductile
g. It has a good aesthetic appeal.
Question. Name two places each in the following states which produce bauxite.
a. Madhya Pradesh
b. Jharkhand
c. Gujarat
d. Tamil Nadu
e. Orissa
Ans. a. Madhya Pradesh – Amarkantak Plateau and Balaghat districts
b. Jharkhand – Ranchi and Palamau
c. Gujarat – Jamnagar and Surat
d. Tamil Nadu – Salem and Coimbatore
e. Orissa – Kalahandi and Sambalpur
Question. Explain the formation of coal.
Coal is formed when dead remains of plants are decayed by bacteria under fresh water conditions and subsequently buried and subjected to pressure.
Question. List the four varieties of coal based on the extent of carbonisation.
i. Peat – 50% carbon
ii. Lignite – 65% carbon
iii. Bituminous – 75% carbon
iv. Anthracite – 90% carbon
Question. what do you mean by the following?
a. Gondwana Coal
Ans. Coal formed about 350 million years ago in the Carboniferous age is called Gondwana Coal. The Gondwana coal is a laminated bituminous coal within which dull and bright layers alternate. Gondwana coal is almost free from moisture, but it contains variable quantities of sulphur and phosphorus. In general, Gondwana coal is good steam or gas coal.
b. Tertiary Coal
Ans. Coal formed about 50 million years ago in the Tertiary period is called Tertiary coal. This coal consists mostly of lignite and peat.
Question. Name the states where Gondwana coal and Tertiary coal is found.
Ans. Gondwana coal is found in West Bengal, Jhakhand and Orissa. Tertiary coal is found in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Assam.
Question. What is the status of India with regard to the production of coal?
Ans. India is at present the third largest producer of coal with 7% of the world’s reserves.
Question. What is anthracite? What are its uses? Where in India is it found?
Ans. Anthracite is the purest form of coal with 90 to 95 % carbon. Since it is smokeless, it is ideal for domestic fuel. In addition, it is used in the iron and steel industry and railways. In India, it is found only in Jammu and Kashmir.
Question. What are the uses of bituminous coal? Name three states in India where it is found along with two major coal fields in each state.
Ans. Bituminous coal is used for producing coke, coal gas and steam coal. Coke is used for the smelting of iron ore. In India, bituminous is found in the following states.
1. Bihar – Ramgarh and Karanpura
2. Jharkhand – Jharia and Bokaro
3. West Bengal – Raniganj and Durgapur
4. Orissa – Sonhat and Talcher
Question. Where is lignite used? Name two state along with specific location where there are lignite reserves.
Ans. Lignite is used in the production of thermal electricity. It is found in the following states.
1. Tamil Nadu – Neyveli and Veeranam
2. Gujarat – Umarsar and Panandhro
3. Rajasthan – Palna
Question. Which is the largest coal field in India?
Ans. Jharia Coal Field
Question. How is petroleum formed in nature? Why is petroleum prospecting so difficult?
Ans. Petroleum is formed when dead remains of animals are decayed in shallow marine conditions. Since it migrates through porous rocks after formation, it is extremely difficult to prospect for petroleum.
Question. What is the status of India with regard to petroleum production?
Ans. India is not able to meet its requirements of petroleum and has to import 70% of its requirement.
Question. Write short notes on ONGC, GAIL, LPG and CNG
Ans. a. ONGC – ONGC stands for Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (earlier Commission) Ltd. It was set up in 1956. It is the apex body which undertakes prospecting and refining crude oil in India.
b. GAIL – GAIL stands for Gas Authority of India Ltd. It was set up in 1984 and is the largest organisation in India handling post exploration activities relating to transmission, processing and marketing of natural gas and its by-products. It owns and operates about 5000 km of gas pipeline.
c. LPG – LPG or Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a clean fuel which does cause pollution. It has a high calorific value (50 kJ). In addition, it does not produce any poisonous gases while burning and is easy to store and transport.
d. CNG – CNG or Compressed Natural Gas is used for running vehicles and produces negligible amounts of nitrogen and sulphur when burnt. CNG can be easily transported. It is fast replacing petrol and diesel as a fuel for vehicles.
Question. Name two important oil fields in each of the following regions. Also state the approximate contribution of each region in India’s petroleum production
Ans. a. North East India
b. Western India
c. Off Shore
d. North East India – Digboi and Naharkatiya; 16%
e. Western India – Cambay and Ankleshwar; 18%
f. Off Shore – Bombay High; 63%
Question. Mention a few recent discoveries of crude oil and natural gas in India.
Ans. a. Oil has been found near Ankleshwar in Gujarat.
b. Natural gas has been found in the Krishna Godavari basin 200 km offshore from Vishakhapatnam.
c. Natural gas has also been discovered in Barmer in Rajasthan and Mehsana in Gujarat.
Question. What is the function of oil refineries? How many major oil refineries are there in India? Mention five major oil refineries India.
Ans. Oil refineries produce petroleum products like kerosene, diesel, petrol, etc through a process called fractional distillation. At present there are 18 oil refineries in India, chief among them are
a. Mathura in Uttar Pradesh
b. Koyali near Baroda in Gujarat
c. Kochi in Kerala
d. Haldia near Kolkata in West Bengal
e. Bongaigaon and Nunamati near Guwahati in Assam
f. Mumbai in Maharashtra – 2 refineries
Question. What is the rationale behind setting up oil refineries near the coast?
Ans. Oil refineries are set up near the coast for two reasons namely
a. Imported crude oil can be refined.
b. Transport becomes easier between ports.
Question. Name two refineries in India which process crude from
Ans. a. Naharkatiya oil fields – Nunamati and Digboi refineries
b. Ankleshwar oil fields – Mumbai and Koyali refineries
